Assess the View That the Family Is Part of the Ideological...

The ideological state apparatus is defined as a social institution that can control our ideology. Marxists would argue that the family is an institution used to teach its members to submit to the authority of the ruling classes. However functionalist view the family unit as a construct that fulfills important functions and keep society running smoothly. Marxists believe that primary socialisation of children is learning the norms and values provided through the process of socialisation, this is initiated by the family. We are socialised into a traditional gender, working role. This usually happens during childhood when a child learns the attitudes, values and actions from another member of the family. If a child saw their mother or father†¦show more content†¦For example Feminists believe that the family is patriarchal and it oppresses women. Women are oppressed because they are socialised to depend on men and remain second best. They reject the new rights view of the separate roles and the march of progress view that society had not changed and is very much unequal. Feminists believe that marriage remains patriarchal and that men benefit from wives. Feminists reject the idea of ‘one best’ family type, they welcome freedom and diversity. Ann Oakley says ‘Women’s domesticity is a circle of learnt de privation and induced subjugation: a circle decisively centered on familyShow MoreRelatedAssess the Contribution of Marxism to Our Understanding of the Role of Education1676 Words   |  7 PagesUsing material from Item A and elsewhere assess the contribution of Marxism to our understanding of the role of education. As mentioned in Item A, Marxists take a critical view of the role of education. They see society as based on class divisions and capitalist exploitations. The capitalist society is a two class system as mentioned in Item A and it consists of a ruling class, the bourgeoisie and the working class, the proletariat. The bourgeoisie exploits the proletariat according to Marxists andRead MoreMarxist View on Education1639 Words   |  7 PagesUsing material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the view that the education system exists mainly to select and prepare young people for their future work roles. (20 marks) As stated in Item A sociologists see the education system as performing a vital role in modern societies. Item A also highlights that the education system can equip individuals with the specialised knowledge and skills they will need when they join the workforce. 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Special thanks goes to my second family, Aneta, Randall, and Ryan Prime for their perpetualRead MoreA Critical Examination Of The Factors Behind The Resilience Of Human Trafficking7557 Words   |  31 Pagesto the experience of the United States. The study was informed by the key assumption that the US cannot fight human trafficking human trafficking in isolation of the rest of the world, and that there is a need to for governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to work together towards addressing the vice. Many international legal instruments have been out in place to address the vice but factors such as profitability, incapacity of many states to police the vice and worldwideRead MoreThe Relative Power of Chinese Cinema Vis-a-Vis Hollywood: An Evaluation5706 Words   |  23 Pagesï » ¿Abstract This paper tries to assess the relative power of Chinese cinema vis-à  -vis Hollywood and answer whether Chinese Cinema can overcome Hollywood in the near future. The importance of doing this analysis is that a realistic appraisal of Chinese cinemas position in the global arena can help Chinese filmmakers set realistic and beneficial targets. The paper is intended to set the tone for a larger in-depth research required to understand this complex topic, and bases its conclusion on analysisRead MoreSociology Essay20437 Words   |  82 PagesCrown copyright  © material is reproduced under Class Licence No. CO1 W 0000195 with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland; Guardian News and Media Ltd for extracts from Ros Taylor, ‘Classes in non-traditional family life proposed by government’, The Guardian, 12.05.00. Copyright  © Guardian News Media Ltd 2000; Will Woodward, ‘Testing †¦ testing †¦ testing’, The Guardian 20.05.00. 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Taught to fear the witches but still drawn to their powers (Conical=knowledge, cauldron=originsRead MoreTransnational Actors and International Organizations in Global Politics11246 Words   |  45 Pages †¢ Introduction †¢ Problems with the State-Centric Approach †¢ Transnational Companies as Political Actors †¢ Non-Legitimate Groups and Liberation Movements as Political Actors †¢ Non-Governmental Organizations as Political Actors †¢ International Organizations as Structures of Global Politics †¢ Issues and Policy Systems in Global Politics 305 READER’S GUIDE The subject of International Relations originally covered simply the relations between states, for example Britain’s relations with India

The Birth, Life, And Resurrection Of Swing - 1673 Words

The Birth, Life, and Resurrection of Swing The recent increase in attention to Swing dancing has brought along a sense of nostalgia with it. This pleasant dance movement is largely fueled in part by the images of what would be today’s youth grandparents’ time, which have been passed down. The reality of Swing though was that the true Swing Era of 1935 to 1945 occurred during a time unrest, and was filled with racial tension, war, poverty, adolescent unrest, and gender discrimination. In fact, the era of Swing encompasses two of the most historical events of the century for the United States, the Great Depression from 1929-1939, and World War II from 1939-1945. While Swing music is known for having its happy up beat rhythms, and light moods, it cannot be said that the music does not encompass the heaviness of the social, political, and economic undercurrents of its time. The term â€Å"Swing† was originally coined not for the dance, but for the music. Swing music was born during the Great Depression, while many bands had been experimenting during the early Roaring Twenties it was suggested that the â€Å"†¦summer of 1929 began the journey toward the summer of 1935 and the official arrival of the Swing Era† (Hennessey, 123). While the Great Depression was a time of increased poverty and unemployment, the formation of big bands was not impacted, during this time there were many available musicians who were looking to work with new bandleaders (Barnet, 44). While bands were ableShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved 1524 Words   |  7 PagesSlave Narrative: Beloved Toni Morrison conveys her strong feelings in her novel about slavery depicting the emotional impact slavery has had on individual mainly the centered character Sethe. The protagonist of the novel is unable to fully prosper in life due to resentment and the ability to move on from her past experiences. 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Enterprise Leadership of Telstra Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEnterprise Leadership of Telstra. Answer: Introduction: Founded in the year of 1975, Telstra Corporation Limited, popularly known as Telstra, has emerged to be the most recognized telecommunications and media company of Australia (Telstra.com.au 2017). The company has been offering media, content, cloud and various other technology services to business organizations as well as government consumers across the world. Usually, 55 million calls and 356 million data connections are made over Telstra network each day in Australia and abroad, and hence it becomes imperative that the managers of Telstra must have been able to employ right technology and ensure effective organizational structure that has helped the company accommodate itself in an ever-changing business landscape of competitive market (Gardiner 2015). In the very last year, the companys total profit hit $27.1 billion while its net profit soared up to $5.8 billion, and hence it becomes clearly evident that the effective decision-making skills of the managers have largely contribute d to the success (Gardner 2015). Often the companies focus so much on its immediate success that it overlooks the prospect of planning and improving the present resources. However, companies like Telstra have managers who are continually engaging themselves in the decision-making process so that they can continually define new ideas, and execute the same through effective decision implementations. Hence, this report intends to critically analyze what role do the managers of an organization play as decision-makers, and the report focuses on the case study of Telstra. Literature Review: Managers as Decision Makers: Although any employee working in a company contributes to the revenue of a company, it is a manager who is the ultimate decision-maker who plans, organizes, leads and controls the organization, helping it gain competitive edge over the rival nations. The managers ultimately make serious decisions pertaining to vital issues in an organization, such as employee retention, customer satisfaction, company reputation or organizational competitiveness in the market. There are usually few important steps in the decision-making process, which are as follows: Important Questions involved in Managerial Decision-making Process: According to Anthony Bell, there are five important issues that require serious managerial consideration while taking up an important decision. The manager has to consider the following questions: Is the product or service superior or inferior to its competitors? Is the product able to bring in consumer satisfaction? Are the employees motivated enough to ensure organizational growth? Does the business enjoy sufficient capital for future strategy implementation? How far is the business cash cycle safe and predictable? (Gutirrez and Magnusson, 2014) In case, the fifth question is positive, a companys manager can implement effective plans for future growth. The company must ensure effective decision implementations if the answer to the first four questions is negative. Managers as Effective Decision-makers in Telstra: Since the telecommunication industry operates in a highly competitive market, just like any other company, Telstra has also encountered serious problems with employee retention. The high employee turnover ratio had largely threatened the sustainability of a company that operates in a service-based industry. The employee survey showed that a mere 34% of the employees had job security as compared to 71% in other companies (Certo 2015). Hence, the managers needed to make an effective decision that could help in improving overall employee experience in the company and enhance retention rates. For the Human Resource managers of Telstra, the reflection-in-action facilitated an effective decision-making process, which has increased self-knowledge, and has improved managers global overview of their organizations whereby the HR managers revised its employee policies. Methodology: In order to research about the managerial decision-making process as well as managerial decisions undertaken by the Telstra managers, the research has employed the use of qualitative research methods. The business articles, published journals and case studies of Telstra have been thoroughly reviewed (Mackey and Gass 2015). At the same time, a variety ofmanagement theories on decision-making process and organization andemployee management theories have been reviewed and evaluated to gain an understanding of the managerial decision-making process and all the steps involved in the same. Discussion: While analyzing the employee policies of Telstra, it has been observed that earlier the employee retention policies of the company have been extremely poor. In an employee survey conducted at Telstra, the majority of the employees complained of the striking absence of dedication and loyalty in an organization where everyone likes to discuss about redundancies. After reviewing the deplorable organizational culture, the middle managers of Telstra revised the HR policies of the organization. The managers of Telstra were confronted with an unstructured problem, the loss of employee motivation that could not be resolved in a day (Noel 2015). As they identified the problem via employee survey and high employee turnover ratio, the information regarding the solution was ambiguous and had to be tested before final implementation over the coming years. Instead of investing in employees, the company managers first undertook an international research to understand the employee experience at Telstra, overall employee motivation factors and trace the performance level of the employees. Once the managers achieved clarity over the fact that many employees are unable to work in an autocratic workplace, the company managers changed the workplace culture, making it more democratic and transformational. Consequently, employee needs were prioritized, and emplo yees could work in flexible times and even work part-time at the company, provided they meet the organizational goals. The managers at Telstra incorporated technology to improve the employee engagement, whereby it has introduced the My Future platform, through which the skilled employees can gain access to various learning opportunities aligning to their job roles and career advancement plans. The managers also introduced Connected Leadership Program and Core Capabilities Training Program meant to enhance the professional skills of the employees (Kilroy and Schneider 2015). Conclusion: To conclude, it should be stated that the managers of any organization play an important role in the decision-making process. Todays business world revolves around effective decisions and hence the managers should decide after having adequate information about the problem, or else it will involve problems. Telstra managers faced with the problem of employee turnover, and yet the managers have succeeded in exploiting all the available information, considering each viable alternative and without creating conflicts of interests, solved the problems by improving HR policies. References: Abatecola, G., 2014. Untangling self-reinforcing processes in managerial decision making. Co-evolving heuristics?.Management Decision,52(5), pp.934-949. Certo, S., 2015.Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. EMPLOYEE DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION. (2017). 1st ed. [ebook] Telstra Corporation Limited, pp.2,3. Available at: https://www.telstra.com.au/content/dam/tcom/about-us/investors/pdf%20D/telstra-employee-diversity-and-inclusion.pdf [Accessed 25 Aug. 2017]. Gardiner, B., 2015. Telstra CEO: Don't be afraid of machine learning.CIO, (Spring 2015), p.8. Gutirrez, E. and Magnusson, M., 2014. Dealing with legitimacy: A key challenge for Project Portfolio Management decision makers.International Journal of Project Management,32(1), pp.30-39. Kilroy, D. and Schneider, M., 2015. The real economic challenge for the leaders of a listed company Part 1: Establishing the right understanding.Governance Directions,67(11), p.653. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Noel, A., 2015. A great result but Telstra is facing threats. Pettigrew, A.M., 2014.The politics of organizational decision-making. Routled Telstra.com.au. 2017.Telstra - mobile phones, prepaid phones, broadband, internet, home phones, business phones. [online] Available at: https://www.telstra.com.au/ [Accessed 25 Aug. 2017].

Psychosocial Smoking Rehabilitation

Introduction Smoking is among the most common habits globally. It is supposedly a way of unwinding and relaxing among smokers after a stressful event or a hard day’s work. Despite the assertion, a variety of diseases have been attributed to smoking particularly for long-term smokers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Psychosocial Smoking Rehabilitation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Smoking is a substantial risk factor for a variety of health challenges including lung cancer, emphysema, and cardiovascular ailments. In cases where the ailments originate from other causes, smoking speeds up the development of health conditions. The advancements in medical awareness and technology make it possible for individuals to pinpoint a variety of deadly diseases attributed to smoking. Actually, smoking is the leading avoidable grounds for fatality globally. In the United States, it claims hundred thousands of lives. Main Body Nicotine is a chemical element present in many substances including cigarettes. Once an individual uses nicotine-containing products regularly, they are susceptible to addiction particularly when the product is smoked. Habitual cigarette users become so obsessed that it is almost impossible to abstain from smoking. Rehabilitation techniques are hence imperative in assisting smokers to quit smoking. Larson and Sydeman (2013) indicate that smoking is among the leading risks for coronary cardiac disease (CHD) in the United States. When compared to non-smokers, the odds ratio (OR) for myo-cardiac infarction is around 2.5 for retirement-aged adults. On the other hand, the OR for cardiovascular conditions is around 2 (1-3). In addition, upon a cardiac occurrence, a cigarette user is 2 times likely to have a restenosis (Larson Sydeman, 2013). The victim may also die following a cardiovascular disease especially when they are above 55 years. The authors indicate that pati ents with coronary cardiac disease average an estimated decrease in death risk of 36 percent upon quitting. An average of 46 percent risk decrease is projected for myocardial infarction patients. Unfortunately, most smokers find it difficult or impossible to quit smoking on their own prerogative and effort.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Determined smokers wishing to quit hence require various intervention strategies to help them out of the smoking trap. Different intervention strategies indicate different levels of effectiveness for different patients. Uncomplicated but concise advice from medical practitioner to a smoker increases the odds of quitting by up to 70 percent compared to nonintervention (Larson Sydeman, 2013). Group behavior therapy increases the chances of successful quitting by twofold which is comparable to individual patient counseling. The authors indica te that individual counseling is superior to nonintervention. They claim that rehabilitation efforts that are more concentrated reflect no improvement in self-restraint rates. Apparently, self-help interventions are the least successful. Evidence does not exist on their additional benefits in permutation with counseling. The quitting numbers are threefold over for inpatients in hospital and care homes compared to smokers in conventional home settings. Larson and Sydeman (2013) conclude that individuals with Type D Personality do not indicate CHD risk association. However, there is a strong link between tobacco smoking and CHD. Smoking increases the chances of mortality. For CHD patients, interventions ought to begin in the hospital. Consequently, it should last for at least one month upon discharge. Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable mortality among the US population (Getsios Marton, 2013). It leads to grave tobacco-related conditions such as lung cancer, persistent respir atory diseases, cardiac diseases, and stroke. Despite the fact that tobacco use has declined in recent years, 19 percent of adults continue to smoke. Majority of smokers who attempt to quit relapse. The dependence on tobacco is perceived as a chronic disease in itself. It requires numerous attempts to cease smoking. It is estimated that 1 in 4 smokers who attempt to quit on their own succeed. The rest relapse and never attempt quitting on their own unless they seek rehabilitation services. Unassisted cessation attempts are popular. However, majority of smokers who successfully quit seek cessation medication. Over 40 percent continue to use medication to sustain the attempt (Getsios Marton, 2013).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Psychosocial Smoking Rehabilitation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Getsios and Marton (2013) most of the economic models that evaluate the effects of smoke quitti ng rehabilitation consider the influence of a single quit attempt. The evaluations are based on long-term health and financial outcomes. They often presume that smokers who fail in their cessation attempt or be successful, but later relapse, continue smoking for the rest of their life. The motivation to quit is an essential construct in the smoking termination process (Getsios Marton, 2013). Despite this fact, existing literature is devoid of the agreement on how such motivation is described and calculated. Among the general smoking population, the motivation to quit smoking is gauged against the individual’s willingness to seek interventions as well as using facts to support the cessation attempts. Additionally, a variety of motivating factors such as overt self-claimed urge to quit, economic and physical conditions, anxiety and expectancies as well as change in attitude towards tobacco are among the predicting factors that indicate the attempt to quit for general smokers. Conversely, for cerebral health patient smokers, a substantial percentage would want to. Using the Trans-theoretical Model of behavior change, the authors investigate the occurrence of future ‘willingness to quit’ among patients with schizophrenia, associated psychotic disorders, and depression. For instance, between 19 and 38 percent of smoking mental health patients consider quitting within a month. Such willingness can effectively be translated into victorious quitting. The quitting rates among such patients can be up to 22 percent. However, the goal can only be achieved when merged psychosocial and pharmacological interventions are used. Comprehending the smoker’s motivation to quit and related factors plays a significant role in helping clinical workers to address the use of tobacco in inpatient surroundings. The understanding may assist in the progression and delivery of efficient nicotine-dependence treatment. Diverse behavioral and pharmacologic rehabilit ations for tobacco use cessation have demonstrated efficacy. Consequently, the US department of health and human services advocates the use of medication and behavioral treatment for smoke quitting. An array of smoking prevention and management activities indicate substantial decrease in tobacco use during the last three decades.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The majority of wide-ranging and available methods utilized in these social campaigns include mass media smoke-quitting campaigns. These campaigns have been success in reducing the number of smokers. However, their efficacy at the personal levels is not vivid (Getsios Marton, 2013). Research conducted by Asvat and King (2014) tested the effectiveness of different types of smoking termination messages meant for racially-diverse American population through community-based awareness campaigns. The authors suggest that smoking is generally on the decrease in the United States. They assert that a plea to persuade close friends to quit smoking is more successful in comparison to a plea to safeguard oneself from the destructive effects of tobacco. However, such pleas from a racially different friend are not well received and may not yield the desired results. Population-based empirical evidence indicates that African Americans, Hispanic, uninsured, and young males rarely engage the servic es of quitting programs. However, when rehabilitation services are extended to these populations, quit attempts are more successful compared to the white counterparts. The findings indicate that racial diversity, smoking history, and motivation to quit support African Americans when they receive smoke cessation rehabilitation and equality in receiving the services (Asvat and King, 2014). A study conducted by Burgess and Sherman (2014) indicates that tobacco consumption and social disadvantage are progressively more intertwining as the difference in smoking percentages between the wealthy and the underprivileged individuals widens. The increases in tobacco prices heighten the economic baggage for marginalized groups. Study continuously indicates that they find it difficult to quit. The result is augmented health, psychosomatic and economic challenges making the use of tobacco a substantial contributor to societal disparity and the subsequent repercussions. The article concludes that mediations that encourage smoke quitting in underprivileged areas enhance the financial circumstances and livelihoods of the affected persons. Consequently, there is reduction in socio-economic discrepancies in transience. Apparently, there exist a linear gradient between increased consumption of tobacco and injection drug prevalence with increase in area disadvantage. According to Cooper and Friedman (2007), when an area is disadvantaged, there are high chances that the population is bound to be impacted by the consequences of smoking tobacco and its products. Locations of increased disadvantage create an apt atmosphere that encourages the continuous use of tobacco due to fewer smoking barriers due to the prevalence of injection drugs. Areas inhabited by American Africans, Hispanics and Asian Americans are among these locations (Cooper and Friedman, 2007). These areas are prone to the existence of gangs that engage in excessive use of tobacco and other narcotics. These gangs rarely engage with the health system where they can receive rehabilitation services due to residential segregation. Research conducted by Gritz and Danysh (2013) indicates that individuals living with HIV/AIDS have a significantly increased possibility of smoking in comparison to the general population. Considering their condition, they are more vulnerable to the unfavorable health implications of smoking. The researchers found that cognitive and behavioral elements assist in altering beliefs and behaviors that act as hurdles to the attempt to quit the use of tobacco and consequently abstain. Motivation plays a fundamental role when helping people living with HIV/AIDS particularly during the treatment delivery stage. The study indicates that African American and Hispanic persons smoke fewer cigarettes daily. However, they are nicotine dependent. The precise reason behind the tendency of using fewer cigarettes is not clear. The lack of financial endowment to buy tobacco products for day-to -day use is suspected to be a causative factor. The authors indicate that there is dire need for studies to focus on how to sustain the impact of intervention, raising the general quit rates, and minimizing actual hurdles to termination related to psychiatric comorbidity (Gritz Danysh, 2013). A study conducted by Diana Burgess and Scott Sherman (2014) indicates that African Americas have lesser chances of quitting successfully compared to their white counterparts. The variation persists despite the former’s stronger urge, readiness, and motivation to quit. Additionally, they harbor the belief that they will quit successfully. Consequently, they attempt to quit more often than whites (Burgess Sherman, 2014). Empirical research indicates that an essential contributor to the differences in quitting is black Americans’ limited utilization of fact-based quitting rehabilitation. The African Americans are less likely to be screened for tobacco use. They rarely volunteer to receive cessation counseling or prescription for tobacco replacement rehabilitation. The attitude of the African Americans limits the chances of caregivers intruding and offer rehabilitation services to smokers. The researchers assert that African Americans are more likely to benefit from tobacco quitting care model considering that they are less likely to have received earlier pharmacotherapy rehabilitation (Burgess Sherman, 2014). Conclusion Smokers wishing to quit smoking encounter diverse challenges irrespective of whether or not they have other health conditions. However, smokers with other health challenges encounter increased chances of persistence use of tobacco. The same applies to individuals living in disadvantaged areas due to economic challenges. It is hence imperative for clinical staff, counselors, and the community at large to understand the challenges individuals face when attempting to quit smoking. Rehabilitation interventions hence require to be addressed to dev elop newer and effective methods that help in rehabilitating smokers and reduce the chances of lapses and relapses. There is need for further research to be conducted in future to establish the impact of social interventions that are effective for successful smoking cessation. References Asvat, Y., King, A. (2014). Feasibility and effectiveness of a community-based smoking cessation intervention in a racially diverse, urban smoker cohort. American Journal of Public Health, 104(4), 620-627. Burgess, D., Sherman, S. (2014). Smoking cessation among African American and white smokers in the veterans affairs health care system. American Journal of Public Health, 104(4), 580-587. Cooper, H., Friedman, R. (2007). Residential segregation and injection drug use prevalence among black adults in US metropolitan areas. American Journal of Public Health, 97(2), 344-352. Gritz, E., Danysh, H. (2013). Long-term outcomes of a cell phone–delivered intervention for smokers living with HIV/ AIDS. CID, 57(1), 608-615. Larson, N., Sydeman, S. (2013). Type D personality is not associated with coronary heart disease risk in a North American sample of retirement-aged adults. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20(1), 277-285. This research paper on Psychosocial Smoking Rehabilitation was written and submitted by user Charity Beasley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.